In this sentence the pronouns nya refer to the agents; literally:
“it was called by them, it was ordered by them to carry.”
109. When the subject is a clause, that clause must be placed last; as,
di-dapat bginda Maharaja Tuban sudah mati,
it was discovered by the king that M. T. was dead.
The Prefix “Ter.”
110. Some grammarians consider that the prefix ter also forms the Passive, but it is probably better to consider this prefix as forming a past participle, or sometimes a present participle, since this derivative does not admit of such constructions as have been explained above in the case of the prefix di, but simply expresses a state or condition, as,
| terbuka, opened. | terkunchi, locked. |
The difference in the use of these prefixes may well be seen in the following sentences from “Sjarah Mlayu”: di-tikam oleh, Hang Kasturi, tertikam pada papan dinding istana itu, lkat kris-nya; literally, it was stabbed (impersonal) by H. K., stabbed at the planks of the inner wall of the palace, and lis dagger stuck (there).
The following may also be taken as examples of the use of the prefix ter:—
bras yang sudah terkupas, rice which lad been peeled.
tersandar pada pohon, leant against a tree.
prentah yary tersbot dhulu, the command mentioned before.
111. This participle is sometimes used where in English the verb would be in the indicative mood, as:—
kaki-nya tersangkot pada batu,
his foot caught against a stone.
112. The prefix ter sometimes gives to the verb the meaning of succeeding in doing a thing, or having accomplished, as:—
S-ribu orang, tiada juga tersorong, though there were 1,000 men, they did not succeed in moving it forward. Lilerally: it was not moved forward.
