Laman:A practical Malay grammar (IA practicalmalaygr00sheliala).pdf/56

EXERCISE XXII.

¹ Tush, this man is exceedingly stupid. ² Oh! my child, you amust be very patient. ³ Be it known unto my lord, O prophet of God. ⁴ When he was joking with other young men, he said Pshaw! I must have an admiral as an opponent. ⁵ Pshaw! I thought this Sri Bija ’Diraja was brave. ⁶ Ha! Ha! look at that young tiger! ⁷ He ordered them to call the two men who were standing outside. ⁸ The house in which you live. ⁹ This is the man whose hand is wounded. ¹⁰ The elephant on which he was sitting fell down.

LESSON XXIII.

Compound Sentences (continued).

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES.

138. Adverbial Clauses are introduced by conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs expressing Time, Cause, Object or Purpose, Condition, Manner, and Concession. The Adverbial Clause is usually placed first, followed by the principal clause, which is generally introduced by the conjunction maka or bahwa, or sometimes by nschaya or tntu, meaning “certainly,” or lalu, “then,” etc. The peculiarities of the Malay construction with the different classes of conjunctions ean best be learnt from the examples given below, all of which are taken from the “Sjarah Mlayu.”

139. Conjunctions denoting Time:

s-tlah or tlah, when, as soon as, after that.

s-blum, before, ere.

sampai, s-hingga,

$\left.{\begin{array}{lcl}\\\\\end{array}}\right\rbrace$

till, until.

serta, smantara, sambil, dalam, sdang, s-lagi,

$\left.{\begin{array}{lcl}\\\\\\\\\\\\\end{array}}\right\rbrace$

while, whilst, as.

sminjak, since.

s-lama, s-lagi,

$\left.{\begin{array}{lcl}\\\\\end{array}}\right\rbrace$

as long as.

serta, as soon as.

s-brapa kali, as often as.

s-tlah ular itu mlihat manusia datang, maka ia pun mnggrak diri-nya,
when the serpent saw a man coming, he bestirred himself.

serta mati s’orang, di-bri orang tahu pada Patih Adam,
as each man was killed, they told Patih Adam.

140. Conjunctions expressing Cause:

sbab, because.	sdang, as, inasmuch as.
kerna, for.	deri-pada, owing to.