for which there is no Arabic symbol, an initial alif or ھ are both used, sometimes indifferently:— امس ěmas, هلي hělai, امبوس or همبوس ĕmbus. Its function as a semivowel may be seen in the spellings a tuhan a variant of توهن tuan, توها tuha, ڤاهت pahit, where there is no aspirate sound at all.]
g as geese, gaunt, good, e.g. gigi, gagah, gusi; never as in germ.
k, usually represented by کـ and occasionally by ݢـ, is identical with k in kiss, Kaffir, Koran.
ng as in fling, long, never as in tingle, sponging.
r not the English cerebral (or lingual) but the Scotch guttural r, distinctly but not too emphatically enunciated. It differs in different parts of the Peninsula. In the south it is lingual, only more trilled than in English: in the north it is guttural.
(b) Palatal class.
y as in mayer, ratepayer; it exists unexpressed between words like he ambles, she-ass.
ny is the equivalent of the Spanish ñ or the individual consonant sound represented by n in new, nude, by ni in pinion, onion, by gn in vignette.
(c) Dental class.
ch nearly as in chat, chisel, channel, but really an affricate, where the tongue stops and then glides, while in English it is fricative, produced by a mere glide of the tongue.
j nearly as in Jenny, jump, but like Malay ch a dental, and not a palatal as in English.[1]
s a superdental as in sister or as in hiss rather than his.
d a superdental as in plunder, binding, landing.
t a hard superdental identical with the initial t in topple, tort, Tom.
- ↑ See Dr. Fokker's edition of Beech's Tidong Dialects (Clarendon Press, 1908).
