(e) The omission of و ,ا and ي is as medial vowels in closed syllables.
برت bĕrat, بلم bĕlum, سبت sĕbut, اورڠ orang, کمبڠ kambing, رڠگت ringgit, بمبڠ bimbang, تمبه tumboh.
Exceptions:
(1) When the spelling of Arabic words is retained (though Arabic pronunciation may not be followed), e.g. اسلام islam, فقير fakir, کتاب kitab— in Arabic of course one would get kitabu, fakiru, &c., and the syllables would not be closed.
(2) The monosyllables دان dan and ڤون pun.
(f) و ,ا and ي and are inserted in an open syllable upon which the accent falls—in Malay usually the penultimate.
تون túan, روس rúas, کڤيتڠ kĕpíting, تليڠا tĕlínga, سکدودق sĕkĕdúdok, لراڠن larángan, تمباڠن tambángan, رجراج raja-rája, اڤبيل apa-bíla, هلبالڠ hulubálang.
Exceptions:
A few words like مك máka, فد páda, در dári, سده súdah, سگل ségala, in which the vowel may have been omitted because it was short and had little stress on it.
[In certain derivative words formed by the addition of suffixes, و ,ا and ي are shifted to the penultimate of the derived word: ايڠت ingat, ايڠاتن ingatan, چمبور chěmburu, چمبرون chěmburuan, تاه tahu, کتهوي kětahuï, جاد jádi, جديکن jadikan, کود kuda, کداڽ kuda-nya, کات kata, کتاڽ kata-nya. Many have thought that the accent does not now, in the Peninsula at any rate, fall on that syllable, but still remains on the penultimate of the root word. Consequently it has been suggested that this shifting arose from vicious analogy with Javanese forms and phonetics, which seems improbable considering the small influence Java had in the north of Sumatra: or that it might have arisen from vicious analogy with the spelling of Malay roots, but that again seems very improbable.
