43. Primitive verbs may be either transitive or intransitive, as,
| pergi, go. | panggil, call. |
44. The verb in its simple form is best considered as being in the imperative second person, that being the only part of the verb which in all cases be expressed without the use of prefix, suffix, auxiliary verb or particle.
Auxiliaries.
45. The following auxiliary verbs or particles are used to express the tenses, or as auxiliaries proper:
ada, is, are.
tiada, is not, will not.
sudah, was, did, has, had.
tlah, was, did, has, had, (only used in writing).
akan, will, shall, would, should.
mau, will, shall, would, should.
hndak, will, shall, would, should.
boleh, can, could, may, might.
dapat, can, could, may, might.
patut, ought.
46. These auxiliaries precede the verb, but may be placed either before or after the subject of the sentence, as,
sahya sudah pergi,
sudah sahya pergi,
I went.
47. In conversation, primitive verbs following an auxiliary frequently remain in the simple root form. The prefixes required by a more correct style, and almost invariably used in written composition, will be dealt with later.
48. The auxiliaries are frequently found in sentences where there is no verb, in such cases the copula or some verb is implied, as:
angkau hndak k-mana? whither are you (going).
ikan ini sudah busok, this fish has (become) bad.
lagi dua hari nanti masak, in two days it will (be) ripe.
The above mentioned auxiliaries should not be used to express past or future tenses when the tense is evident from the context.
Peculiar use of some verbs in this lesson.
49. The way in which some Malay verbs are used differs so much from the English idiom that their use requires explanation.
