75. Sudah may also be used in the indicative mood in the sense of “finished,” “done,” “completed,” as:
blum sudah, not yet finished.
hampir sudah, nearly finished.
But the idea of “finishing,” is more often expressed by the verb habis, sometimes with the addition of sudah as an auxiliary, as,
tuan sudah habis makan, the gentleman has finished eating.
76. Habis has often merely the force of an adverb, in which case it means “utterly,” “entirely,” as,
smoa-ya habis binasa, they were all completely destroyed.
habis sudah makan, quite finished eating.
The verb “kna.”
77. The verb kna, which when it stands by itself signifies “hit the mark,” is often used as a kind of auxiliary with other verbs, and even with nouns and other parts of speech; it then gives a kind of passive sense, and is used in much the same way as the verb “get” in English, as:
kna luka, to get wounded.
kna hukum, to get punished.
kna tipu, to get deceived.
kna rugi, to incur loss.
The verb “bri.”
78. The verb bri, to give, is used as a kind of auxiliary with intransitive verbs, in order to give a transitive meaning, and sometimes with other parts of speech, in the same way that the words “make,” “give,” and “let” are used in English, as,
tahu, know; bri tahu, make known, inform.
pinjam, borrow; bri pinjam, lend.
hormat, honour; bri hormat, give honour, honour.
makan, eat; bri makan, feed.
ingat, remember; bri ingat, make one remember, remind.
jawab, answer; bri jawab, make answer.
masok, enter; bri masok, let one in.
79. In colloquial Malay, the verb kaseh is much used among the Chinese and Europeans in the manner explained above in the case of bri. This should be avoided by those who desire to acquire a correct use of the language.
